Watermarks usually serve two purposes: asserting copyright and discouraging re-posting. Most watermarks in the wild achieve neither -- a row of light grey text in the top-right corner, removed by cropping 5% of the frame.
1. Position: the bottom-right corner is the easiest to crop
- Single line bottom-right: the most common and the least useful; crop tools start at the edges.
- Bottom-left, near the subject: better, but still croppable.
- Tiled across the subject: the strongest protection, at the cost of a dirty-looking image. Suits previews and proofs.
- Over the subject (a shoulder, the middle of a product): balances looks and protection, which is why commercial photography uses it.
2. Opacity: 0.25-0.4 is the sweet spot
Too transparent (below 0.15) and it disappears in a screenshot; too opaque (above 0.6) and it ruins the image, so clients drop it. For text, around 0.3 works well, with white text and a 1 px dark outline so it reads on both light and dark areas. Logo marks can go lower, around 0.2.
3. Batching it properly
E-commerce sellers and publishers often handle hundreds at a time. Opening each in Photoshop is not realistic: drop the whole folder into image watermarking, set text, size, opacity and position, and export in one go. It all runs in the browser, so images are not uploaded and hundreds of files do not wait on the network.
If you need platform-specific exports (watermarked main image, clean detail images), keep a clean master and write watermarked copies to a separate folder. Never stack watermarks on top of each other.
4. Two additions to the watermark
Reduce resolution: publish previews at 1200 px wide and hand over originals only after licensing. Without the pixels, re-posting cannot produce a print.
Write copyright metadata: fill in author and copyright in EXIF/IPTC. It can be stripped, but it still forms part of an evidence trail.
5. Watermarks that might as well not exist
10% white text, a mark in one corner, a flat colour that can be detected automatically -- all have mature removal tools now. Effective watermarks either cover the subject, are complex enough (text plus logo, tiled at an angle), or simply come with no high-resolution original.